the ratio of the average mass of one atom of an element to 1/12th of the mass of an atom of carbon-12. A solid retains its shape and does not deform. The greater the resistance to flow, the higher the viscosity, so for example, syrup has a higher viscosity than water. It can also be thought of as a measure of a fluid’s thickness or its resistance to objects passing through it. A species in which the proton and electron numbers arent the same, there is an overall positive or negative charge. The viscosity of a liquid describes how resistant it is to changing shape. Viscosity is a measure of a fluid’s resistance to flow. The video below shows several different long chained oils, each progressively more viscous. Atoms of the same element that have the same number of electrons but a different numbers of neutrons. Glycerol, CH 2OHCHOHCH 2OH, is viscous partly because of the length of the chain but also because of the extensive possibilities for hydrogen bonding between the molecules. Fuel oil, lubricating grease, and other long-chain alkane molecules are quite viscous for this reason. This is because the molecular chains get tangled up in each other like spaghetti-in order for the liquid to flow, the molecules must first unravel. Liquids containing long molecules are invariably very viscous. Honey, mostly glucose and fructose (see image below) is a good example of a liquid which owes its viscosity to hydrogen bonding. Liquids whose molecules are polar or can form hydrogen bonds are usually more viscous than similar nonpolar substances. Viscosity is governed by the strength of intermolecular forces and especially by the shapes of the molecules of a liquid. Those like ether or gasoline which flow very readily have low viscosities. Liquids which flow very slowly, like glycerin or honey, have high viscosities. The resistance to such flow is called the viscosity. \)īecause its molecules can slide around each other, a liquid has the ability to flow.
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